The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.